Usenet bestandstypes en hun uitleg

[luca]

Hier een beetje uitleg over de meest voorkomende bestandstypes bij films , zodat je er de slechte formayen kunt vermijden


CAM -
A cam is a theater rip usually done with a digital video camera. A mini tripod is sometimes used, but a lot of the time this wont be possible, so the camera make shake. Also seating placement isn't always idle, and it might be filmed from an angle. If cropped properly, this is hard to tell unless there's text on the screen, but a lot of times these are left with triangular borders on the top and bottom of the screen. Sound is taken from the onboard microphone of the camera, and especially in comedies, laughter can often be heard during the film. Due to these factors picture and sound quality are usually quite poor, but sometimes we're lucky, and the theater will be fairly empty and a fairly clear signal will be heard.

TELESYNC (TS) -
A telesync is the same spec as a CAM except it uses an external audio source (most likely an audio jack in the chair for hard of hearing people). A direct audio source does not ensure a good quality audio source, as a lot of background noise can interfere. A lot of the times a telesync is filmed in an empty cinema or from the projection booth with a professional camera, giving a better picture quality. Quality ranges drastically, check the sample before downloading the full release. A high percentage of Telesyncs are CAMs that have been mislabeled.


TELECINE (TC) -
A telecine machine copies the film digitally from the reels. Sound and picture should be very good, but due to the equipment involved and cost telecines are fairly uncommon. Generally the film will be in correct aspect ratio, although 4:3 telecines have existed. A great example is the JURASSIC PARK 3 TC done last year. TC should not be confused with TimeCode , which is a visible counter on screen throughout the film.


SCREENER (SCR) -
A pre VHS tape, sent to rental stores, and various other places for promotional use. A screener is supplied on a VHS tape, and is usually in a 4:3 (full screen) a/r, although letterboxed screeners are sometimes found. The main draw back is a "ticker" (a message that scrolls past at the bottom of the screen, with the copyright and anti-copy telephone number). Also, if the tape contains any serial numbers, or any other markings that could lead to the source of the tape, these will have to be blocked, usually with a black mark over the section. This is sometimes only for a few seconds, but unfortunately on some copies this will last for the entire film, and some can be quite big. Depending on the equipment used, screener quality can range from excellent if done from a MASTER copy, to very poor if done on an old VHS recorder thru poor capture equipment on a copied tape. Most screeners are transferred to VCD, but a few attempts at SVCD have occurred, some looking better than others.


DVD-SCREENER (DVDscr) -
Same premise as a screener, but transferred off a DVD. Usually letterbox , but without the extras that a DVD retail would contain. The ticker is not usually in the black bars, and will disrupt the viewing. If the ripper has any skill, a DVDscr should be very good. Usually transferred to SVCD or DivX/XviD.


DVDRip -
A copy of the final released DVD. If possible this is released PRE retail (for example, Star Wars episode 2) again, should be excellent quality. DVDrips are released in SVCD and DivX/XviD.



VHSRip -
Transferred off a retail VHS, mainly skating/sports videos and XXX releases.


TVRip -
TV episode that is either from Network (capped using digital cable/satellite boxes are preferable) or PRE-AIR from satellite feeds sending the program around to networks a few days earlier (do not contain "dogs" but sometimes have flickers etc) Some programs such as WWF Raw Is War contain extra parts, and the "dark matches" and camera/commentary tests are included on the rips. PDTV is capped from a digital TV PCI card, generally giving the best results, and groups tend to release in SVCD for these. VCD/SVCD/DivX/XviD rips are all supported by the TV scene.


WORKPRINT (WP) -
A workprint is a copy of the film that has not been finished. It can be missing scenes, music, and quality can range from excellent to very poor. Some WPs are very different from the final print (Men In Black is missing all the aliens, and has actors in their places) and others can contain extra scenes (Jay and Silent Bob) . WPs can be nice additions to the collection once a good quality final has been obtained.


DivX Re-Enc -
A DivX re-enc is a film that has been taken from its original VCD source, and re-encoded into a small DivX file. Most commonly found on file sharers, these are usually labeled something like Film.Name.Group(1of2) etc. Common groups are SMR and TND. These aren't really worth downloading, unless you're that unsure about a film u only want a 200mb copy of it. Generally avoid.



Watermarks -
A lot of films come from Asian Silvers/PDVD (see below) and these are tagged by the people responsible. Usually with a letter/initials or a little logo, generally in one of the corners. Most famous are the "Z" "A" and "Globe" watermarks.


Asian Silvers / PDVD -
These are films put out by eastern bootleggers, and these are usually bought by some groups to put out as their own. Silvers are very cheap and easily available in a lot of countries, and its easy to put out a release, which is why there are so many in the scene at the moment, mainly from smaller groups who don't last more than a few releases. PDVDs are the same thing pressed onto a DVD. They have removable subtitles, and the quality is usually better than the silvers. These are ripped like a normal DVD, but usually released as VCD.



Formats

VCD -
VCD is an mpeg1 based format, with a constant bitrate of 1150kbit at a resolution of 352x240 (NTCS). VCDs are generally used for lower quality transfers (CAM/TS/TC/Screener(VHS)/TVrip(analogue) in order to make smaller file sizes, and fit as much on a single disc as possible. Both VCDs and SVCDs are timed in minutes, rather than MB, so when looking at an mpeg, it may appear larger than the disc capacity, and in reality u can fit 74min on a CDR74.


SVCD -
SVCD is an mpeg2 based (same as DVD) which allows variable bit-rates of up to 2500kbits at a resolution of 480x480 (NTSC) which is then decompressed into a 4:3 aspect ratio when played back. Due to the variable bit-rate, the length you can fit on a single CDR is not fixed, but generally between 35-60 Mins are the most common. To get a better SVCD encode using variable bit-rates, it is important to use multiple "passes". this takes a lot longer, but the results are far clearer.


XVCD/XSVCD -
These are basically VCD/SVCD that don't obey the "rules". They are both capable of much higher resolutions and bit-rates, but it all depends on the player to whether the disc can be played. X(S)VCD are total non-standards, and are usually for home-ripping by people who don't intend to release them.



DivX / XviD -
DivX is a format designed for multimedia platforms. It uses two codecs, one low motion, one high motion. most older films were encoded in low motion only, and they have problems with high motion too. A method known as SBC (Smart Bit-rate Control) was developed which switches codecs at the encoding stage, making a much better print. The format is Ana orphic and the bit-rate/resolution are interchangeable. Due to the higher processing power required, and the different codecs for playback, its unlikely we'll see a DVD player capable of play DivX for quite a while, if at all. There have been players in development which are supposedly capable, but nothing has ever arisen. The majority of PROPER DivX rips (not Re-Encs) are taken from DVDs, and generally up to 2hours in good quality is possible per disc. Various codecs exist, most popular being the original Divx3.11a and the new XviD codecs.


CVD -
CVD is a combination of VCD and SVCD formats, and is generally supported by a majority of DVD players. It supports MPEG2 bit-rates of SVCD, but uses a resolution of 352x480(ntsc) as the horizontal resolution is generally less important. Currently no groups release in CVD.


DVD-R -
Is the recordable DVD solution that seems to be the most popular (out of DVD-RAM, DVD-R and DVD+R). it holds 4.7gb of data per side, and double sided discs are available, so discs can hold nearly 10gb in some circumstances. SVCD mpeg2 images must be converted before they can be burnt to DVD-R and played successfully. DVD>DVDR copies are possible, but sometimes extras/languages have to be removed to stick within the available 4.7gb.


MiniDVD -
MiniDVD/cDVD is the same format as DVD but on a standard CDR/CDRW. Because of the high resolution/bit-rates, its only possible to fit about 18-21 mins of footage per disc, and the format is only compatible with a few players.


Misc Info

Regional Coding -
This was designed to stop people buying American DVDs and watching them earlier in other countries, or for older films where world distribution is handled by different companies. A lot of players can either be hacked with a chip, or via a remote to disable this.

 

[luca]

vervolg


RCE -
RCE (Regional Coding Enhancement) was designed to overcome "Multiregion" players, but it had a lot of faults and was overcome. Very few titles are RCE encoded now, and it was very unpopular.


Macrovision -
Macrovision is the copy protection employed on most commercial DVDs. Its a system that will display lines and darken the images of copies that are made by sending the VHS signals it can't understand. Certain DVD players (for example the Dansai 852 from Tescos) have a secret menu where you can disable the macrovision, or a "video stabaliser" costs about 30UKP from Maplin (www.maplin.co.uk)


NTSC/PAL -
NTSC and PAL are the two main standards used across the world. NTSC has a higher frame rate than pal (29fps compared to 25fps) but PAL has an increased resolution, and gives off a generally sharper picture. Playing NTSC discs on PAL systems seems a lot easier than vice-versa, which is good news for the Brits icon_smile.gif An RGB enabled scart lead will play an NTSC picture in full colour on most modern tv sets, but to record this to a VHS tape, you will need to convert it to PAL50 (not PAL60 as the majority of DVD players do.) This is either achieved by an expensive converter box (in the regions of £200+) an onboard converter (such as the Dansai 852 / certain Daewoos / Samsung 709 ) or using a World Standards VCR which can record in any format.


News Sites -
There are generally 2 news sites, and I'm allowed to be biased icon_smile.gif For Games/Apps/Console :: www.isonews.com is generally regarded as the best, but for VCD/SVCD/DivX/TV/XXX www.vcdquality.com displays screen grabs and allows feedback. **NOTICE** neither site offers movie downloads, and requesting movies/trades etc on the forums of either is NOT permitted.


Release Files

RARset -
The movies are all supplied in RAR form, whether its v2 (rar>.rxx) or v3 (part01.rar > partxx.rar) form.


BIN/CUE -
VCD and SVCD films will extract to give a BIN/CUE. Load the .CUE into notepad and make sure the first line contains only a filename, and no path information. Then load the cue into Nero/CDRWin etc and this will burn the VCD/SVCD correctly. TV rips are released as MPEG. DivX files are just the plain DivX - .AVI


NFO -
An NFO file is supplied with each movie to promote the group, and give general iNFOrmation about the release, such as format, source, size, and any notes that may be of use. They are also used to recruit members and acquire hardware for the group.

SFV -
Also supplied for each disc is an SFV file. These are mainly used on site level to check each file has been uploaded correctly, but are also handy for people downloading to check they have all the files, and the CRC is correct. A program such as pdSFV or hkSFV is required to use these files.



Usenet Information

Access -
To get onto newsgroups, you will need a news server. Most ISPs supply one, but this is usually of poor retention (the amount of time the files are on server for) and poor completition (the amount of files that make it there). For the best service, a premium news server should be paid for, and these will often have bandwidth restrictions in place.


Software -
You will need a newsreader to access the files in the binary newsgroups. There are many different readers, and its usually down to personal opinion which is best. Xnews / Forte Agent / BNR 1 / BNR 2 are amongst the popular choices. Outlook has the ability to read newsgroups, but its recommended to not use that.


Format -
Usenet posts are often the same as those listed on VCDQUALiTY (i.e., untouched group releases) but you have to check the filenames and the description to make sure you get what you think you are getting. Generally releases should come down in .RAR sets. Posts will usually take more than one day to be uploaded, and can be spread out as far as a week.


PAR files -
As well as the .rxx files, you will also see files listed as .pxx/.par . These are PARITY files. Parity files are common in usenet posts, as a lot of times, there will be at least one or two damaged files on some servers. A parity file can be used to replace ANY ONE file that is missing from the rar set. The more PAR files you have, the more files you can replace. You will need a program called SMARTPAR for this.


Scene Tags

PROPER -
Due to scene rules, whoever releases the first Telesync has won that race (for example). But if the quality of that release is fairly poor, if another group has another telesync (or the same source in higher quality) then the tag PROPER is added to the folder to avoid being duped. PROPER is the most subjective tag in the scene, and a lot of people will generally argue whether the PROPER is better than the original release. A lot of groups release PROPERS just out of desperation due to losing the race. A reason for the PROPER should always be included in the NFO.



SUBBED -
In the case of a VCD, if a release is subbed, it usually means it has hard encoded subtitles burnt throughout the movie. These are generally in malaysian/chinese/thai etc, and sometimes there are two different languages, which can take up quite a large amount of the screen. SVCD supports switch able subtitles, so some DVDRips are released with switch able subs. This will be mentioned in the NFO file if included.


UNSUBBED -
When a film has had a subbed release in the past, an Unsubbed release may be released

LIMITED -
A limited movie means it has had a limited theater run, generally opening in less than 250 theaters, generally smaller films (such as art house films) are released as limited.


INTERNAL -
An internal release is done for several reasons. Classic DVD groups do a lot of .INTERNAL. releases, as they wont be dupe'd on it. Also lower quality theater rips are done INTERNAL so not to lower the reputation of the group, or due to the amount of rips done already. An INTERNAL release is available as normal on the groups affiliate sites, but they can't be traded to other sites without request from the site ops. Some INTERNAL releases still trickle down to IRC/Newsgroups, it usually depends on the title and the popularity. Earlier in the year people referred to Centropy going "internal". This meant the group were only releasing the movies to their members and site ops. This is in a different context to the usual definition.


STV -
Straight To Video. Was never released in theaters, and therefore a lot of sites do not allow these.


ASPECT RATIO TAGS -
These are *WS* for widescreen (letterbox) and *FS* for Fullscreen.


RECODE -
A recode is a previously released version, usually filtered through TMPGenc to remove subtitles, fix color etc. Whilst they can look better, its not looked upon highly as groups are expected to obtain their own sources.


REPACK -
If a group releases a bad rip, they will release a Repack which will fix the problems.


NUKED -
A film can be nuked for various reasons. Individual sites will nuke for breaking their rules (such as "No Telesyncs") but if the film has something extremely wrong with it (no soundtrack for 20mins, CD2 is incorrect film/game etc) then a global nuke will occur, and people trading it across sites will lose their credits. Nuked films can still reach other sources such as p2p/usenet, but its a good idea to check why it was nuked first in case. If a group realise there is something wrong, they can request a nuke.

NUKE REASONS :: this is a list of common reasons a film can be nuked for (generally DVDRip)

** BAD A/R ** :: bad aspect ratio, ie people appear too fat/thin
** BAD IVTC ** :: bad inverse telecine. process of converting framerates was incorrect.
** INTERLACED ** :: black lines on movement as the field order is incorrect.



DUPE -
Dupe is quite simply, if something exists already, then theres no reason for it to exist again without proper reason.

 

[Black Tiger]

Mooi overgenomen. Nu even de belangrijksten nog even vertaald in het NL (nee niet door mij) zodat mensen die moeilijkheden met Engels hebben het ook begrijpen.

CAM:
Een cam is over het algemeen een bioscoop rip gemaakt met een video camera. Een mini tripod wordt vaak gebruikt, maar dit is niet altijd mogelijk. Hierdoor kan het gebeuren dat de camera beweegt.
Daarnaast wordt de film niet altijd vanaf de ideale plaats opgenomen, waardoor het voorkomt dat er vanuit een hoek wordt gefilmd. Als de film hierna goed wordt bewerkt, is dit bijna niet te zien, tenzij er letters op het scherm zijn. Vaak echter, zie je in de film scheve hoeken onderin het scherm.
Het geluid komt van de onboard microfoon van de camera, waardoor je in een film vaak bijgeluiden krijgt, zoals lachen bij een comedy. Hierdoor is de kwaliteit van het geluid van dit soort films vaak vrij slecht. Als je geluk hebt, en de bioscoop is vrij leeg, heb je een redelijk duidelijk geluidssignaal.

TELESYNC (TS):
Een telesync heeft dezelfde specificaties asl een CAM, behalve dat het audio signaal van een externe bron komt. Over het algemeen van een audio plug in de stoel voor slechthorenden. Dit garandeert nog steeds geen goed audio signaal aangezien veel omgevingsgeluid nog steeds kan storen..
Vaak zijn Telesync fils gefilmd in een lege bioscoop of vanuit de projectiekamer met een professionele camera, wat een betere beeld kwaliteit geeft. De kwaliteit van dit soort films varieert enorm. Download bij voorkeur een sample voordat je de hele film download.

TELECINE (TC):
Een telecine machine kopieert de film digitaal van de filmrol. Het geluid en beeld van deze films is over het algemeen heel goed, maar gezien de benodigde apparatuur en de kosten hiervan, zijn dit soort films vrij zeldzaam. Over het algemeen zal de film het correcte ratio aspect hebben, alhoewel er wel 4:3 telecines hebben bestaan. TC moet niet worden verward met TimeCode. Dit betekend dat er een zichtbare teller meeloopt in het beeld van de film.

SCREENER (SCR):
Een pre- VHS band, die ter promotie naar videotheken en andere plaatsen wordt verstuurd.
Een screener wordt geleverd op een VHS band en is over het algemeen 4:3 (volledig scherm) alhoewel er een enkele keer ook breedbeeld wordt gevonden. Het grootste nadeel van dit soort films is een zogenaamde "ticker". Dit is een boodschap die onder in het beeld voorbij komt met een anti-kopieer boodschap en telefoonnummer. Daarnaast bevat de band some andere markeringen zoals serienummers die naar de bron van de band kunnen leiden. Deze moeten geblokkerd worden en dit gebeurd over het algemeen met een zwarte blok over het gedeelte.
Soms is dit maar voor een paar seconden, maar jammer genoeg kan dit bij sommige films vrij groot zijn en de hele film doorgaan. Afhankelijk van de gebruikte apparatuur kan de kwaliteit van een screener varieren van MASTER kope to zeer slecht gedaan op een oude VHS recorder, met slechte apparatuur op een gekopieerde tape. De meeste screeners worden omgezet naar VCD, maar er zijn pogingen geweest om SVCD te gebruiken. Ook hiervan is het resultaat wisseld.

DVD-SCREENER (DVDscr):
Doorgaans geldt hiervoor hetzelfde als een screener, maar dan vanaf een DVD. Over het algemeen breedbeeld formaat, maar zonder de extras die een gewone dvd doorgaans bevat.
De "ticker"zit over het algemeen niet in het zwarte block maar is de hele film in het beeld aanwezig. Als degene die de film geript heeft enigzins kundig is, kunnen deze films van zeer goede kwaliteit zijn, en worden ze over het algemeen omgezet naar SVCD pf DivX/XviD.

DVDRip:
Een kopie van de uiteindelijk retail DVD. Indien mogelijk worden deze nog voor de uiteindelijke verschijning van de DVD aangeboden, en zou van uitstekende kwaliteit moeten zijn.
DVDrips worden uitgebracht in SVCD en DivX/XviD.

VHSRip:
Overgezet vanaf een retail VHS. Over het algemeen skating/sport videos en XXX films.

Xvid:
Xvid is als het ware een compressie van beeld materiaal, zelfde als rar voor data bestanden.

Als aanvulling de huidige TV-rip termen
TVRip
Rips van analoge bron na uitzending. Over het algemeen is de kwaliteit goed en zijn deze gecodeerd in Xvid formaat.

DSRip (Digital Satellite)
Rip van een digitale sateliet uitzending na uitzending. Over het algemeen van goede kwaliteit en gecodeerd in Xvid formaat.

PDTV (Pure Digital TV)
Rip gemaakt met een pci TV card die digitale tv ondersteunt, na uitzending. Dit, en HDTV, zijn de meest voorkomende formaten. De kwaliteit ervan is uitstekend en ze zijn gecodeerd in Xvid formaat.

HDTV (High Definition TV)
Rip gemaakt met een pci TV card die HDTV ondersteunt, na uitzending. HDTV wordt digitaal uitgezonden op zeer hoge resolutie en ondanks dat het is gecodeerd op dezelfde resolutie als PDTV releases, afhankelijk van de release groep niet veel verschil zijn in kwaliteit. De meeste netwerken zenden in dit formaat uit en het wordt gecodeerd in Xvid.

WORKPRINT (WP)
Een workprint is een kopie van een film die nog niet af is. Er kunnen stukken film en muziek missen en de kwaliteit kan verschillen van uitstekend tot zeer slecht.
Sommige workprints zijn zeer verschillend van het uiteindelijke resultaat (Men in Black destijds bijvoorbeeld miste alle aliens en had daar acteurs voor in de plaats (best wel grappig eigenlijk).) Daarnaast kunnen ze ook extra scenes bevatten. Workprints kunnen een leuke toevoeging zijn aan de verzamelijg als je een goed exemplaar van de uiteindelijke film al hebt.

Het eerste stuk had ik al langer, ooit eens van FTD afgehaald meen ik.
De TV-rip termen zijn afkomstig van ondertitel.com waar ook nog een NL uitleg staat met de DVD termen.