Commando's (vanaf de prompt)

[elroy]

Als je via een telnetsessie naar de DreamBox gaat en je inlogt als root met als (standaard) wachtwoord: dreambox dan zie je b.v. dit staan:

BusyBox v1.00-pre5 (2004.01.02-13:33+0000) Built-in shell (ash) Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

Tik je dan 'help' op de prompt in, dan worden de meeste personen daar niet veel wijzer van. Daarom deze thread.

Er wordt dus gebruik gemaakt van o.a. BusyBox. Niet iedereen weet wat dat nu betekent en welke commando's vanaf de prompt kunnen worden gebruikt. Hieronder zijn alle commando's met bijbehorende uitleg opgenomen, waarbij - vanwege de omvang - het geheel via reply's is opgenomen.

NAME
BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

SYNTAX
BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or

<function> [arguments...] # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist eplacements for most of the utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.

BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a shell (such as ash), and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae).

USAGE
When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself has been invoked.

For example, entering

ln -s ./BusyBox ls
./ls

will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox).

You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering

./BusyBox ls

will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

COMMON OPTIONS
Most BusyBox commands support the -h option to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior.

COMMANDS
Currently defined functions include:

addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arping, ash, awk, basename, bunzip2, busybox, bzcat, cal, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, cmp, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, dutmp, echo, egrep, env, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, fdformat, fgrep, find, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck.minix, ftpget, ftpput, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, ifconfig, ifdown, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, ip, ipcalc, iplink, iproute, iptunnel, kill, killall, klogd, lash, length, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum, mesg, minit, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, msh, msvc, mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nslookup, od, openvt, passwd, patch, pidfilehack, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, realpath, reboot, renice, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, run-parts, sed, setkeycodes, sha1sum, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, strings, stty, su, sulogin, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, udhcpc, udhcpd, umount, uname, uncompress, uniq, unix2dos, unzip,uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, vlock, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat

 

[elroy]

addgroup
addgroup [OPTIONS] group_name [user_name]

Adds a group to the systemOptions:

-g specify gid

-------------------------------

adduser
adduser [OPTIONS] user_name

Adds a user to the systemOptions:

-h DIR Assign home directory DIR
-g GECOS Assign gecos field GECOS
-s SHELL Assign login shell SHELL
-G Add the user to existing group GROUP
-S create a system user (ignored)
-D Do not assign a password (logins still possible via ssh)
-H Do not create the home directory

-------------------------------

adjtimex
adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t tick]

Reads and optionally sets system timebase parameters. See
adjtimex(2).

Options:

-q quiet mode - do not print
-o offset time offset, microseconds
-f frequency freq adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
(positive values make the system clock run fast)
-t tick microseconds per tick, usually 10000
-p timeconstant

-------------------------------

ar
ar -[ov][ptx] ARCHIVE FILES

Extract or list FILES from an ar archive.

Options:

-o preserve original dates
-p extract to stdout
-t list
-x extract
-v verbosely list files processed

-------------------------------

arping
arping [-fqbDUA] [-c count] [-w timeout] [-I device] [-s sender] target

Ping hosts by ARP requests/replies.

Options:

-f Quit on first ARP reply
-q Be quiet
-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
-D Duplicated address detection mode
-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbours
-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbours
-c count Stop after sending count ARP req.packets
-w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds
-I device Outgoing interface name, default is eth0
-s sender Set specific sender IP address
target Target IP address of ARP request

-------------------------------

basename
basename FILE [SUFFIX]

Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also
removes any trailing SUFFIX.

Example:

$ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
foo
$ basename /usr/local/bin/
bin
$ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
bar

-------------------------------

bunzip2
bunzip2 [OPTION]... [FILE]

Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted).

Options:

-c Write output to standard output
-f Force

-------------------------------

bzcat
bzcat FILE

Uncompress to stdout.

-------------------------------

cal
cal [-jy] [[month] year]

Display a calendar.

Options:

-j Use julian dates.
-y Display the entire year.

-------------------------------

cat
cat [-u] [FILE]...

Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to stdout.

Options:

-u ignored since unbuffered i/o is always used

Example:

$ cat /proc/uptime
110716.72 17.67

-------------------------------

chgrp
chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...

Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.

Options:

-R Changes files and directories recursively.

Example:

$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
$ chgrp root /tmp/foo
$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

chmod
chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst.

Options:

-R Changes files and directories recursively.

Example:

$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
$ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
$ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

chown
chown [ -Rh ]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...

Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.

Options:

-R Changes files and directories recursively.
-h Do not dereference symbolic links.

Example:

$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
$ chown root /tmp/foo
$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
$ chown root.root /tmp/foo
ls -l /tmp/foo
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

chroot
chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]

Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.

Example:

$ ls -l /bin/ls
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
$ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
$ chroot /mnt
$ ls -l /bin/ls
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls*

-------------------------------

chvt
chvt N

Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

-------------------------------

clear
clear

Clear screen.

-------------------------------

cmp
cmp [OPTION]... FILE1 [FILE2]

Compare files.

Options:

-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
for all differing bytes.
-s quiet mode - do not print

-------------------------------

cp
cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST

Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

-a Same as -dpR
-d Preserves links
-p Preserves file attributes if possible
-f force (implied; ignored) - always set
-R Copies directories recursively

-------------------------------

cpio
cpio -[dimtuv][F cpiofile]

Extract or list files from a cpio archive Main operation mode:

d make leading directories
i extract
m preserve mtime
t list
u unconditional overwrite
F input from file

-------------------------------

crond
crond -d[#] -c <crondir> -f -b

-d [#] -l [#] -S -L logfile -f -b -c dir
-d num debug level
-l num log level (8 - default)
-S log to syslod (default)
-L file log to file
-f run in fordeground
-b run in background (default)
-c dir working dir

-------------------------------

crontab
crontab crontab [-c dir] {file|-}|[-u|-l|-e|-d user]

file <opts> replace crontab from file
- <opts> replace crontab from stdin
-u user specify user
-l [user] list crontab for user
-e [user] edit crontab for user
-d [user] delete crontab for user
-c dir specify crontab directory

-------------------------------

cut
cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.

Options:

-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
-d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
-s Output only the lines containing delimiter
-f N Print only these fields
-n Ignored

Example:

$ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' '
Hello
$ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' '
world

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

date
date [OPTION]... [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] [+FORMAT]

Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system
date.

Options:

-R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
-d STRING Displays time described by STRING, not `now'
-I[TIMESPEC] Outputs an ISO-8601 compliant date/time string.
TIMESPEC=`date' (or missing) for date only,
`hours', `minutes', or `seconds' for date and,
time to the indicated precision.
-s Sets time described by STRING
-u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time

Example:

$ date
Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000

-------------------------------

dc
dc expression ...

This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the following
operations: +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and,
or, not, eor. For example: 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, and 'dc 8 8 \* 2 2 +
/' -> 16.

Options: p - Prints the value on the top of the stack, without
altering the stack. f - Prints the entire contents of the stack
without altering anything. o - Pops the value off the top of the
stack and uses it to set the output radix.

Only 10 and 16 are supported.

Example:

$ dc 2 2 +
4
$ dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /
16
$ dc 0 1 and
0
$ dc 0 1 or
1
$ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
64

-------------------------------

dd
dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N]
[conv=notrunc|noerror|sync]

Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options

if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
bs=N read and write N bytes at a time
count=N copy only N input blocks
skip=N skip N input blocks
seek=N skip N output blocks
conv=notrunc don't truncate output file
conv=noerror continue after read errors
conv=sync pad blocks with zeros

Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k
(x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G
(x1073741824).

Example:

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
4+0 records in
4+0 records out

-------------------------------

deallocvt
deallocvt [N]

Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN

-------------------------------

delgroup
delgroup GROUP

Deletes group GROUP from the system

-------------------------------

deluser
deluser USER

Deletes user USER from the system

-------------------------------

devfsd
devfsd mntpnt [-v][-fg][-np]

Optional daemon for managing devfs (the Linux Device Filesystem).

Options:

mntpnt The mount point where devfs is mounted.

-v Print the protocol version numbers for devfsd
and the kernel-side protocol version and exits.

-fg Run the daemon in the foreground.

-np Exit after parsing the configuration file
and processing synthetic REGISTER events.
Do not poll for events.

-------------------------------

df
df [-hmk] [FILESYSTEM ...]

Print the filesystem space used and space available.

Options:

-h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
-m print sizes in megabytes
-k print sizes in kilobytes(default)

Example:

$ df
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
/dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
$ df /dev/sda3
Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /

-------------------------------

dirname
dirname [FILENAME ...]

Strips non-directory suffix from FILENAME

Example:

$ dirname /tmp/foo
/tmp
$ dirname /tmp/foo/
/tmp

-------------------------------

dmesg
dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]

Prints or controls the kernel ring buffer

Options:

-c Clears the ring buffer's contents after printing
-n LEVEL Sets console logging level
-s SIZE Use a buffer of size SIZE

-------------------------------

dos2unix
dos2unix [option] [FILE]

Converts FILE from dos format to unix format. When no option is
given, the input is converted to the opposite output format. When no
file is given, uses stdin for input and stdout for output.

Options:

-u output will be in UNIX format
-d output will be in DOS format

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

dpkg
dpkg -i package_file [-CPru] package_name

-i Install the package
-C Configure an unpackaged package
-P Purge all files of a package
-r Remove all but the configuration files for a package
-u Unpack a package, but dont configure it

-------------------------------

dpkg_deb
dpkg_deb [-cefItxX] FILE [argument]

Perform actions on debian packages (.debs)

Options:

-c List contents of filesystem tree
-e Extract control files to [argument] directory
-f Display control field name starting with [argument]
-I Display the control filenamed [argument]
-t Extract filesystem tree to stdout in tar format
-x Extract packages filesystem tree to directory
-X Verbose extract

Example:

$ dpkg-deb -X ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb /tmp

-------------------------------

dpkg_divert
dpkg_divert blah

blah blah

-------------------------------
du
du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...

Summarizes disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk
space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.

Options:

-a show sizes of files in addition to directories
-H follow symbolic links that are FILE command line args
-L follow all symbolic links encountered
-d N limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
-c output a grand total
-l count sizes many times if hard linked
-s display only a total for each argument
-x skip directories on different filesystems
-h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
-m print sizes in megabytes
-k print sizes in kilobytes(default)

Example:

$ du
16 ./CVS
12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
80 ./kernel-patches
12 ./tests/CVS
36 ./tests
12 ./scripts/CVS
16 ./scripts
12 ./docs/CVS
104 ./docs
2417 .

-------------------------------

dumpkmap
dumpkmap > keymap

Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output.

Example:

$ dumpkmap > keymap

-------------------------------

dumpleases
dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE]

-f, --file=FILENAME Leases file to load
-r, --remaining Interepret lease times as time remaing
-a, --absolute Interepret lease times as expire time

-------------------------------

echo
echo [-neE] [ARG ...]

Prints the specified ARGs to stdout

Options:

-n suppress trailing newline
-e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab)
-E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters

Example:

$ echo "Erik is cool"
Erik is cool
$ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
Erik
is
cool
$ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
Erik\nis\ncool

-------------------------------

env
env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [command]

Prints the current environment or runs a program after setting up
the specified environment.

Options:

-, -i start with an empty environment
-u remove variable from the environment

-------------------------------

expr
expr EXPRESSION

Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.

EXPRESSION may be:

ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
ARG1 < ARG2 ARG1 is less than ARG2
ARG1 <= ARG2 ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 = ARG2 ARG1 is equal to ARG2
ARG1 != ARG2 ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
ARG1 >= ARG2 ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2 ARG1 is greater than ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 - ARG2 arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 * ARG2 arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2 arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2 arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
STRING : REGEXP anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LENGTH substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
index STRING CHARS index in STRING where any CHARS is found,
or 0
length STRING length of STRING
quote TOKEN interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
it is a keyword like `match' or an
operator like `/'
( EXPRESSION ) value of EXPRESSION

Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number
of characters matched or 0.

-------------------------------

false
false

Return an exit code of FALSE (1).

Example:

$ false
$ echo $?
1

-------------------------------

fbset
fbset [options] [mode]

Show and modify frame buffer settings

Example:

$ fbset
mode "1024x768-76"
# D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
accel false
rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
endmode

-------------------------------

fdflush
fdflush DEVICE

Forces floppy disk drive to detect disk change

-------------------------------

fdformat
fdformat [-n] DEVICE

Low-level formats a floppy disk

Options:

-n Don't verify after format

-------------------------------

fdisk
fdisk [-l] [-v] [-b SSZ] [-u] DISK

Change partition table Options: -l List partition table(s) -u Give
Start and End in sector (instead of cylinder) units -s PARTITION
Give partition size(s) in blocks -b 2048: (for certain MO disks) use
2048-byte sectors -v Give fdisk version

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

find
find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]

Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is the
current directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'

EXPRESSION may consist of:

-follow Dereference symbolic links.
-name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
-print Print (default and assumed).

-type X Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
-perm PERMS Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN);
or exactly (NNN)
-mtime TIME Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N);
or exactly (N) days
-newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's
-inum N File has inode number N

Example:

$ find / -name /etc/passwd
/etc/passwd

-------------------------------

fold
fold [bsw] [FILE]

Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing
to standard output.

Options:

-b count bytes rather than columns
-s break at spaces
-w use WIDTH columns instead of 80

-------------------------------

free
free

Displays the amount of free and used system memory

Example:

$ free
total used free shared buffers
Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
Swap: 128516 8404 120112
Total: 386144 257128 129016

-------------------------------

freeramdisk
freeramdisk DEVICE

Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk.

Example:

$ freeramdisk /dev/ram2

-------------------------------

fsck_minix
fsck_minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name

Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.

Options:

-l Lists all filenames
-r Perform interactive repairs
-a Perform automatic repairs
-v verbose
-s Outputs super-block information
-m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
-f Force file system check.

-------------------------------

ftpget
ftpget [options] remote-host local-directory remote-file

Retrieve a remote file via FTP.

Options:

-c, --continue Continue a previous transfer
-v, --verbose Verbose
-u, --username Username to be used
-p, --password Password to be used
-P, --port Port number to be used

-------------------------------

ftpput
ftpput [options] remote-host remote-directory local-file

Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP.

Options:

-v, --verbose Verbose
-u, --username Username to be used
-p, --password Password to be used
-P, --port Port number to be used

-------------------------------

getopt
getopt [OPTIONS]...

Parse command options

-a, --alternative Allow long options starting with single -
-l, --longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized
-n, --name=progname The name under which errors are reported
-o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized
-q, --quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
-Q, --quiet-output No normal output
-s, --shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions
-T, --test Test for getopt(1) version
-u, --unqote Do not quote the output

Example:

$ cat getopt.test
#!/bin/sh
GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
-n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"`
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then exit 1 ; fi
eval set -- "$GETOPT"
while true ; do
case $1 in
-a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
-b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
-c|--c-long)
case "$2" in
"") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
*) echo "Option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
--) shift ; break ;;
*) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
esac
done

-------------------------------

getty
getty [OPTIONS]... baud_rate,... line [termtype]

Opens a tty, prompts for a login name, then invokes /bin/login

Options:

-h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control.
-i Do not display /etc/issue before running login.
-L Local line, so do not do carrier detect.
-m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message.
-w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue.
-n Do not prompt the user for a login name.
-f issue_file Display issue_file instead of /etc/issue.
-l login_app Invoke login_app instead of /bin/login.
-t timeout Terminate after timeout if no username is read.
-I initstring Sets the init string to send before anything else.
-H login_host Log login_host into the utmp file as the hostname.

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

grep
grep [-ihHnqvs] PATTERN [FILEs...]

Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.

Options:

-H prefix output lines with filename where match was found
-h suppress the prefixing filename on output
-i ignore case distinctions
-l list names of files that match
-n print line number with output lines
-q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
-v select non-matching lines
-s suppress file open/read error messages

Example:

$ grep root /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
$ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

-------------------------------

gunzip
gunzip [OPTION]... FILE

Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').

Options:

-c Write output to standard output
-t Test compressed file integrity

Example:

$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
$ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar

-------------------------------

gzip
gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Compress FILE(s) with maximum compression. When FILE is '-' or
unspecified, reads standard input. Implies -c.

Options:

-c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz
-d decompress

Example:

$ ls -la /tmp/busybox*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/busybox.tar
$ gzip /tmp/busybox.tar
$ ls -la /tmp/busybox*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/busybox.tar.gz

-------------------------------

halt
halt

Halt the system.

-------------------------------

hdparm
hdparm [options] [device] ..

Options: -a get/set fs readahead

-A set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1)
-b get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
-B set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)
-c get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting
-C check IDE power mode status
-d get/set using_dma flag
-D enable/disable drive defect-mgmt
-f flush buffer cache for device on exit
-g display drive geometry
-h display terse usage information
-i display drive identification
-I detailed/current information directly from drive
-Istdin similar to -I, but wants /proc/ide/*/hd?/identify as input
-k get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
-K set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
-L set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
-m get/set multiple sector count
-n get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)
-p set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
-P set drive prefetch count
-q change next setting quietly
-Q get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported)
-r get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
-R register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
-S set standby (spindown) timeout
-t perform device read timings
-T perform cache read timings
-u get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
-U un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
-v defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives
-V display program version and exit immediately
-w perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
-W set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
-x tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
-X set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
-y put IDE drive in standby mode
-Y put IDE drive to sleep
-Z disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode
-z re-read partition table

-------------------------------

head
head [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than
one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no
FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Options:

-n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
-c NUM output the first NUM bytes
-q never output headers giving file names
-v always output headers giving file names

Example:

$ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh

-------------------------------

hexdump
hexdump [-[bcdefnosvx]] [OPTION] FILE

The hexdump utility is a filter which displays the specified files,
or the standard input, if no files are specified, in a user
specified format

-b One-byte octal display
-c One-byte character display
-d Two-byte decimal display
-e FORMAT STRING
-f FORMAT FILE
-n LENGTH Interpret only length bytes of input
-o Two-byte octal display
-s OFFSET Skip offset byte
-v display all input data
-x Two-byte hexadecimal display

-------------------------------

hostid
hostid

Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine.

-------------------------------

hostname
hostname [OPTION] {hostname | -F FILE}

Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given
(or FILE with the -F parameter), the host name will be set.

Options:

-s Short
-i Addresses for the hostname
-d DNS domain name
-f Fully qualified domain name
-F FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname

Example:

$ hostname
sage

-------------------------------

httpd
httpd [-c <conf file>] [-p <port>] [-u user] [-r <realm>] [-m pass]
[-d/-e <string>]

Listens for incoming http server requests. Options:

-c FILE Specifies configuration file. (default httpd.conf)
-p PORT Server port (default 80)
-u USER Set uid to USER after listening privilegies port
-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
-m PASS Crypt PASS with md5 algorithm
-e STRING Html encode STRING
-d STRING URL decode STRING

-------------------------------

hwclock
hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime]
[-u|--utc]

Query and set the hardware clock (RTC)

Options:

-r read hardware clock and print result
-s set the system time from the hardware clock
-w set the hardware clock to the current system time
-u the hardware clock is kept in coordinated universal time
-l the hardware clock is kept in local time

-------------------------------

id
id [OPTIONS]... [USERNAME]

Print information for USERNAME or the current user

Options:

-g prints only the group ID
-u prints only the user ID
-c prints only the security context
", B<-n> print a name instead of a number (with for B<-ug>)

-r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)

Example:

$ id
uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)

-------------------------------

ifconfig
ifconfig [-a] <interface> [<address>]

configure a network interface

Options: [add <address>[/<prefixlen>]] [del <address>[/<prefixlen>]]

[[-]broadcast [<address>]] [[-]pointopoint [<address>]]
[netmask <address>] [dstaddr <address>]
[outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>]
[hw ether <address>] [metric <NN>] [mtu <NN>]
[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
[multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen <NN>] [[-]dynamic]
[mem_start <NN>] [io_addr <NN>] [irq <NN>]
[up|down] ...

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

ifdown
ifdown <-ahinv> <ifaces...>

Usage: ifdown <options> <ifaces...>

Options:

-h this help
-a de/configure all interfaces automatically
-i FILE use FILE for interface definitions
-n print out what would happen, but don't do it
(note that this option doesn't disable mappings)
-v print out what would happen before doing it
-m don't run any mappings
-f force de/configuration

-------------------------------

ifup
ifup <-ahinv> <ifaces...>

Usage: ifup <options> <ifaces...>

Options:

-h this help
-a de/configure all interfaces automatically
-i FILE use FILE for interface definitions
-n print out what would happen, but don't do it
(note that this option doesn't disable mappings)
-v print out what would happen before doing it
-m don't run any mappings
-f force de/configuration

-------------------------------

inetd
inetd [-q len] [conf]

Usage: [-q len] [conf]

Option:

-q Sets the size of the socket listen queue to
the specified value. Default is 128.

-------------------------------

init
init

Init is the parent of all processes.

This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.

BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field
of the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If
you want runlevels, use sysvinit.

BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is
found, it has the following default behavior:

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::askfirst:/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
::restart:/sbin/init

if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will
also run:

tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh
tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh

If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format
is as follows:

<id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>

<id>:

WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are
appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to
be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this
field is left blank, the controlling tty is set to the console. Also
note that if BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then only
entries whose controlling tty is either the serial console or /dev/null
will be run. BusyBox init does nothing with utmp. We don't need no
stinkin' utmp.

<runlevels>:

The runlevels field is completely ignored.

<action>:

Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,
once, restart, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown.

The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions
that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified
process exits.

Run only-once actions:

'sysinit' is the first item run on boot. init waits until all
sysinit actions are completed before continuing. Following the
completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run.
'wait' actions, like 'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until
the specified task completes. 'once' actions are asynchronous,
therefore, init does not wait for them to complete. 'restart' is
the action taken to restart the init process. By default this should
simply run /sbin/init, but can be a script which runs pivot_root or it
can do all sorts of other interesting things. The 'ctrlaltdel' init
actions are run when the system detects that someone on the system
console has pressed the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination. Typically one
wants to run 'reboot' at this point to cause the system to reboot.
Finally the 'shutdown' action specifies the actions to taken when
init is told to reboot. Unmounting filesystems and disabling swap
is a very good here

Run repeatedly actions:

'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions. When a process
started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts
it. Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from
respawning out of control. The 'askfirst' actions acts just like
respawn, except that before running the specified process it
displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console."
and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the
specified process.

Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an
error message, and then go along with its business. All actions are
run in the order they appear in /etc/inittab.

<process>:

Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.

Example /etc/inittab file:

# This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
#
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

# /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
#
# Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
# Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4
tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh
tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh

# /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
#
tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5

# Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
#
#::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
#::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
#
# Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
#::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2

# Stuff to do when restarting the init process
::restart:/sbin/init

# Stuff to do before rebooting
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

insmod
insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...

Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel.

Options:

-f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
-k Make module autoclean-able.
-v verbose output
-L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module
-m Output load map to stdout -x do not export externs

-------------------------------

insmod_ng
insmod_ng MODULE [symbol=value]...

Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel.

-------------------------------

install
install [cgmops] [sources] <dest|directory>

copy files and set attributes

Options:

-c copy the file, default
-g set group ownership
-m set permission modes
-o set ownership
-p preserve date
-s strip symbol tables

-------------------------------

ip ip [ OPTIONS ] { address | link | route | tunnel } { COMMAND | help
}

ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help } where OBJECT := { link |
addr | route | tunnel } OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link
} | -o[neline] }

-------------------------------

ipaddr
ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} [ dev STRING ] [
to PREFIX ] }

ipaddr {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr {show|flush} [ dev STRING
] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]

[ to PREFIX ] [ label PATTERN ]
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX

[ broadcast ADDR ] [ anycast ADDR ]
[ label STRING ] [ scope SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]

-------------------------------

ipcalc
ipcalc [OPTION]... ipaddr <netmask>

Calculate IP network settings from a IP address

Options:

-b --broadcast Display calculated broadcast address.
-n --netmask Display default netmask for IP.
-w --network Display calculated network address.
-h --hostname Display first resolved host name.
-s --silent Don't ever display error messages.

ipcalc provides a simple way to calculate IP information for a host.
The various options specify what information ipcalc should display
on standard out. Multiple options may be specified.

-------------------------------

iplink
iplink

iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } |

dynamic { on | off } |
mtu MTU }
iplink show [ DEVICE ]

-------------------------------

iproute
iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append | replace |
monitor } ROUTE }

iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS [ from ADDRESS
iif STRING ]

[ oif STRING ] [ tos TOS ]
iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE
SELECTOR := [ root PREFIX ] [ match PREFIX ] [ proto RTPROTO ]
ROUTE := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [ tos TOS ] [ proto RTPROTO ]

-------------------------------

iptunnel
iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [ NAME ] [ mode { ipip | gre
| sit } ] [ remote ADDR ] [ local ADDR ] [ ttl TTL ]

iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [ NAME ]

[ mode { ipip | gre | sit } ] [ remote ADDR ] [ local ADDR ]
[ [i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY ] [ [i|o]csum ]
[ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ [no]pmtudisc ] [ dev PHYS_DEV ]

-------------------------------

kill
kill [-signal] process-id [process-id ...]

Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).

Options:

-l List all signal names and numbers.

Example:

$ ps | grep apache
252 root root S [apache]
263 www-data www-data S [apache]
264 www-data www-data S [apache]
265 www-data www-data S [apache]
266 www-data www-data S [apache]
267 www-data www-data S [apache]
$ kill 252

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

killall
killall [-signal] process-name [process-name ...]

Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es).

Options:

-l List all signal names and numbers.

Example:

$ killall apache

-------------------------------

klogd
klogd [-c n] [-n]

Kernel logger. Options:

-c n Sets the default log level of console messages to n.
-n Run as a foreground process.

-------------------------------

lash
lash [FILE]... or: sh -c command [args]...

The BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)

This command does not yet have proper documentation.

Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles
pipes, redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts,
and has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does
not (yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like
"if-then-else", "while", and such use ash or bash. If you just need
a very simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job.

-------------------------------

last
last

Shows listing of the last users that logged into the system

-------------------------------

length
length STRING

Prints out the length of the specified STRING.

Example:

$ length Hello
5

-------------------------------

ln
ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY

Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET

You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are
non-options.

Options:

-s make symbolic links instead of hard links
-f remove existing destination files
-n no dereference symlinks - treat like normal file

Example:

$ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
$ ls -l /tmp/ls
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*

-------------------------------

loadfont
loadfont < font

Loads a console font from standard input.

Example:

$ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname

-------------------------------

loadkmap
loadkmap < keymap

Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input.

Example:

$ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap

-------------------------------

logger
logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]

Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.

Options:

-s Log to stderr as well as the system log.
-t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
-p Enter the message with the specified priority.
This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.

Example:

$ logger "hello"

-------------------------------

login
login [OPTION]... [username] [ENV=VAR ...]

Begin a new session on the system

Options:

-f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated)
-h Name of the remote host for this login.
-p Preserve environment.

-------------------------------

logname
logname

Print the name of the current user.

Example:

$ logname
root

-------------------------------

logread
logread [OPTION]...

Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer).

-------------------------------

losetup
losetup [OPTION]... LOOPDEVICE FILE or: losetup [OPTION]... -d
LOOPDEVICE

Associate LOOPDEVICE with FILE.

Options:

-d Disassociate LOOPDEVICE.
-o OFFSET Start OFFSET bytes into FILE.

-------------------------------

ls
ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhkK", "] [filenames...]

List directory contents

Options:

-1 list files in a single column
-A do not list implied . and ..
-a do not hide entries starting with .
-C list entries by columns
-c with -l: show ctime
-d list directory entries instead of contents
-e list both full date and full time
-F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
-i list the i-node for each file
-l use a long listing format
-n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
-p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
-L list entries pointed to by symbolic links
-R list subdirectories recursively
-r sort the listing in reverse order
-S sort the listing by file size
-s list the size of each file, in blocks
-T NUM assume Tabstop every NUM columns
-t with -l: show modification time
-u with -l: show access time
-v sort the listing by version
-w NUM assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort the listing by extension
-h print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
USAGE_SELINUX(" -k print security context
-K print security context in long format
", )

-------------------------------

lsmod
lsmod

List the currently loaded kernel modules.

 

[elroy]

makedevs
makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST

Creates a range of block or character special files

TYPEs include:

b: Make a block (buffered) device.
c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first
device. LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be
created. If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as
well.

For example:

makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 -> ttyS2-ttyS63
makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s -> hda,hda1-hda8

Example:

$ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
[creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
$ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
[creates hda,hda1-hda8]

-------------------------------

md5sum
md5sum [OPTION] [FILEs...] or: md5sum [OPTION] -c [FILE]

Print or check MD5 checksums.

Options: With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

-c check MD5 sums against given list

The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:

-s don't output anything, status code shows success
-w warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines

Example:

$ md5sum < busybox
6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003
$ md5sum busybox
6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
$ md5sum -c -
6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003 busybox
busybox: OK
^D

-------------------------------

mesg
mesg mesg [y|n]

mesg [Y|N], controls write access to your terminal

y Allow write access to your terminal.
n Disallow write access to your terminal.

-------------------------------

minit
minit [-spPrRC]

[-spPrRC]

-------------------------------

mkdir
mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...

Create the DIRECTORY(ies) if they do not already exist

Options:

-m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
-p no error if existing, make parent directories as needed

Example:

$ mkdir /tmp/foo
$ mkdir /tmp/foo
/tmp/foo: File exists
$ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
/tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
$ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz

-------------------------------

mkfifo
mkfifo [OPTIONS] name

Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')

Options:

-m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)

-------------------------------

mkfs_minix
mkfs_minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]

Make a MINIX filesystem.

Options:

-c Check the device for bad blocks
-n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
-i INODES Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
-l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
-v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

mknod
mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).

Options:

-m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)

TYPEs include:

b: Make a block (buffered) device.
c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

Example:

$ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
$ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p

-------------------------------

mkswap
mkswap [-c] [-v0|-v1] device [block-count]

Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.

Options:

-c Check for read-ability.
-v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
-v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels >
2.1.117).
block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition).

-------------------------------

mktemp
mktemp [-q] TEMPLATE

Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE
is any name with six `Xs' (i.e., /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).

Example:

$ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
/tmp/temp.mWiLjM
$ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
-rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM

-------------------------------

modprobe
modprobe [FILE ...]

Used for high level module loading and unloading.

Example:

$ modprobe cdrom

-------------------------------

more
more [FILE ...]

More is a filter for viewing FILE one screenful at a time.

Example:

$ dmesg | more

-------------------------------

mount
mount [flags] DEVICE NODE [-o options,more-options]

Mount a filesystem

Flags:

-a: Mount all filesystems in fstab.
-f: "Fake" Add entry to mount table but don't mount it.
-n: Don't write a mount table entry.
-o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below.
-r: Mount the filesystem read-only.
-t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type.
-w: Mount for reading and writing (default).

Options for use with the "-o" flag:

async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
loop: Mounts a file via loop device.
suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
remount: Re-mount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write.
bind: Use the linux 2.4.x "bind" feature.

There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems.

Example:

$ mount
/dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
$ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
$ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop

-------------------------------

msvc
msvc -[udorspchaitkx] service

[option] service Where option is one of

-u Up. If the service is not running, start it. If the service stops, restart it.
-d Down. If the service is running, stop it, do not restart it.
-o Once. If the service is not running, start it. Do not restart it if it stops.
-r Tell supervise that the service is normally running; this affects status messages.
-s Tell supervise that the service is normally stopped; this affects status messages.
-p Pause. Send the service a STOP signal.
-c Continue. Send the service a CONT signal.
-h Hangup. Send the service a HUP signal.
-a Alarm. Send the service an ALRM signal.
-i Interrupt. Send the service an INT signal.
-t Terminate. Send the service a TERM signal.
-k Kill. Send the service a KILL signal.
-x Exit. supervise will quit as soon as the service is down.

-------------------------------

mt
mt [-f device] opcode value

Control magnetic tape drive operation

Available Opcodes:

bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm
fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension
rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock
weof wset

-------------------------------

mv
mv SOURCE DEST or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY

Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

Example:

$ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar

-------------------------------

nameif
nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}]

Nameif renaming network interface while it in the down state.

Options:

-c FILE Use configuration file (default is /etc/mactab)
-s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility).
IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address

Example:

$ nameif -s dmz0 00:A0:C9:8C:F6:3F
or
$ nameif -c /etc/my_mactab_file

-------------------------------

nc
nc [OPTIONS] [IP] [port]

Netcat opens a pipe to IP: port

Options:

-l listen mode, for inbound connects
-p PORT local port number
-i SECS delay interval for lines sent
-e PROG program to exec after connect (dangerous!)

Example:

$ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
help
214-Commands supported:
214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
quit
221 foobar closing connection

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

netstat
netstat [-laenrtuwx]

-l display listening server sockets -a display all sockets (default:
connected) -e display other/more information -n don't resolve names
-r display routing table -t tcp sockets -u udp sockets -w raw
sockets -x unix sockets

-------------------------------

nslookup
nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]

Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
optionally using a specified DNS server

Example:

$ nslookup localhost
Server: default
Address: default

Name: debian
Address: 127.0.0.1

-------------------------------

od
od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [FILE]

Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE
to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard
input.

-------------------------------

openvt
openvt <vtnum> <COMMAND> [ARGS...]

Start a command on a new virtual terminal

Example:

openvt 2 /bin/ash

-------------------------------

passwd
passwd [OPTION] [name]

Change a user password. If no name is specified, changes the
password for the current user. Options:

-a Define which algorithm shall be used for the password.
(Choices: des, md5 PASSWORD_ALG_TYPES(", sha1") )
-d Delete the password for the specified user account.
-l Locks (disables) the specified user account.
-u Unlocks (re-enables) the specified user account.

-------------------------------

patch
patch [-p<num>]

[-p<num>]

Example:

$ patch -p1 <example.diff

-------------------------------

pidfilehack
pidfilehack [daemon.pid] [daemon]

service /var/run/daemon.pid /usr/sbin/daemon args...

-------------------------------

pidof
pidof process-name [process-name ...]

Lists the PIDs of all processes with names that match the names on
the command line

Example:

$ pidof init
1

-------------------------------

ping
ping [OPTION]... host

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.

Options:

-c COUNT Send only COUNT pings.
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).
-q Quiet mode, only displays output at start
and when finished.

Example:

$ ping localhost
PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms

--- debian ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms

-------------------------------

ping6
ping6 [OPTION]... host

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.

Options:

-c COUNT Send only COUNT pings.
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).
-q Quiet mode, only displays output at start
and when finished.

Example:

$ ping6 ip6-localhost
PING ip6-localhost :1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from ::1: icmp6_seq=0 ttl=64 time=20.1 ms

--- ip6-localhost ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms

-------------------------------

pivot_root
pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD

Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the
new root file system.

-------------------------------

poweroff
poweroff

Halt the system and request that the kernel shut off the power.

-------------------------------

printf
printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]

Formats and prints ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, Where FORMAT
controls the output exactly as in C printf.

Example:

$ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
Val=5

-------------------------------

ps
ps

Report process status

Options:

-c show SE Linux context", "
This version of ps accepts no options.

Example:

$ ps
PID Uid Gid State Command
1 root root S init
2 root root S [kflushd]
3 root root S [kupdate]
4 root root S [kpiod]
5 root root S [kswapd]
742 andersen andersen S [bash]
743 andersen andersen S -bash
745 root root S [getty]
2990 andersen andersen R ps

-------------------------------

pwd
pwd

Print the full filename of the current working directory.

Example:

$ pwd
/root

-------------------------------

raid_start
raid_start MD_DEVICE DISK_DEVICE

Start MD_DEVICE, taking superblock from DISK_DEVICE. Example:
raid_start /dev/md0 /dev/sdb

-------------------------------

rdate
rdate [-sp] HOST

Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST.

Options:

-s Set the system date and time (default).
-p Print the date and time.

-------------------------------

readlink
readlink

Read a symbolic link.

-------------------------------

realpath
realpath pathname ...

return the canonicalized absolute pathnames of given arguments

-------------------------------

reboot
reboot

Reboot the system.

-------------------------------

renice
renice priority pid [pid ...]

Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range from
20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0
(default priority) to -20 (almost nothing else ever gets to run).

-------------------------------

reset
reset

Resets the screen.

-------------------------------

rm
rm [OPTION]... FILE...

Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). You may use '--' to indicate that all
following arguments are non-options.

Options:

-i always prompt before removing each destination
-f remove existing destinations, never prompt
-r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively

Example:

$ rm -rf /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

rmdir
rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...

Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.

Example:

# rmdir /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

rmmod
rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...

Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.

Options:

-a Remove all unused modules (recursively)

Example:

$ rmmod tulip

-------------------------------

route
route [{add|del|flush}]

Edit the kernel's routing tables.

Options:

-n Dont resolve names.
-e Display other/more information

-------------------------------

rpm
rpm -i -q[ildc]p package.rpm

Manipulates RPM packages

Options:

-i Install package
-q Query package
-p Query uninstalled package
-i Show information
-l List contents
-d List documents
-c List config files

-------------------------------

rpm2cpio
rpm2cpio package.rpm

Outputs a cpio archive of the rpm file.

-------------------------------

run_parts
run_parts [-t] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY

Run a bunch of scripts in a directory.

Options:

-t Test only what file will be executed, without execute them.
-a ARG Pass ARG as an argument for every program invoked.
-u MASK Set the umask to MASK before executing every program.

-------------------------------

rx
rx FILE

Receive a file using the xmodem protocol.

Example:

$ rx /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

sed sed [-nef] pattern [files...]

Options:

-n suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-e script add the script to the commands to be executed
-f scriptfile add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed

If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as
the sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of
input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard
input is read.

Example:

$ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
bar

-------------------------------

seq
seq [first [increment]] last

Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INCREMENT. FIRST,
INCREMENT default to 1 Arguments:

LAST
FIRST LAST
FIRST INCREMENT LAST

-------------------------------

setkeycodes
setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...

Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing
unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.

SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is
given in decimal

Example:

$ setkeycodes e030 127

-------------------------------

sha1sum
sha1sum [OPTION] [FILEs...] or: sha1sum [OPTION] -c [FILE]

Print or check SHA1 checksums.

Options: With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

-c check SHA1 sums against given list

The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:

-s don't output anything, status code shows success
-w warn about improperly formated SHA1 checksum lines

-------------------------------

sleep
sleep [N]...

Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can
have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays.

Example:

$ sleep 2
[2 second delay results]
$ sleep 1d 3h 22m 8s
[98528 second delay results]

-------------------------------

sort
sort [-nru] [FILE]...

Sorts lines of text in the specified files

Options:

-u suppress duplicate lines
-r sort in reverse order
-n sort numerics

Example:

$ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort
a
b
c
d
e
f

-------------------------------

start_stop_daemon
start_stop_daemon [OPTIONS]

Program to start and stop services. Options: -S start -K stop -b
force process into background (daemonize) -x <executable> program to
start/check if it is running -u <username>|<uid> stop this user's
processes -n <process-name> stop processes with this name -s
<signal> signal to send (default 15) -a <pathname> program to start
(default <executable>)

-------------------------------

strings
strings [-afo] [-n length] [file ... ]

Display printable strings in a binary file.

Options:

-f Precede each string with the name of the file where it was found.
-n N Specifies that at least N characters forms a sequence (default 4)
-o Each string is preceded by its decimal offset in the file.

-------------------------------

stty
stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...

Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations
from stty sane.

Options:

-F DEVICE open device instead of stdin
-a print all current settings in human-readable form
-g print in stty-readable form
[SETTING] see manpage

-------------------------------

su
su [OPTION]... [-] [username]

Change user id or become root. Options:

-p Preserve environment

-------------------------------

sulogin
sulogin [OPTION]... [tty-device]

Single user login Options:

-f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated)
-h Name of the remote host for this login.
-p Preserve environment.

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

swapoff
swapoff [OPTION] [DEVICE]

Stop swapping virtual memory pages on DEVICE.

Options:

-a Stop swapping on all swap devices

-------------------------------

swapon
swapon [OPTION] [DEVICE]

Start swapping virtual memory pages on DEVICE.

Options:

-a Start swapping on all swap devices

-------------------------------

sync
sync

Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.

-------------------------------

sysctl
sysctl [OPTIONS]... [VALUE]...

sysctl - configure kernel parameters at runtime

Options:

-n Use this option to disable printing of the key name when printing values.
-e Use this option to ignore errors about unknown keys.
-w Use this option when you want to change a sysctl setting.
-p Load in sysctl settings from the file specified or /etc/sysctl.conf if none given.
-a Display all values currently available.
-A Display all values currently available in table form.

Example:

sysctl [-n] [-e] variable ...
sysctl [-n] [-e] -w variable=value ...
sysctl [-n] [-e] -a
sysctl [-n] [-e] -p <file> (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
sysctl [-n] [-e] -A

-------------------------------

syslogd
syslogd [OPTION]...

Linux system and kernel logging utility. Note that this version of
syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.

Options:

-m NUM Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
-n Run as a foreground process
-O FILE Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
-s SIZE Max size (KB) bevor rotate (default=200KB, 0=off)
-b NUM Number of rotated log files (default=1, 0=purge log)
-R HOST[ORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
-L Log locally and via network logging (default is network only)
-C [size(KiB)] Log to a circular buffer (read the buffer using logread)

Example:

$ syslogd -R masterlog:514
$ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601

-------------------------------

tail
tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than
one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no
FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Options:

-c N[kbm] output the last N bytes
-n N[kbm] print last N lines instead of last 10
-f output data as the file grows
-q never output headers giving file names
-s SEC wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
-v always output headers giving file names

If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins
with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the
last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b
(x512), or m (1024^2).

Example:

$ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 10.0.0.1

-------------------------------

tar
tar -[czjZxtvO] [-X FILE][-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE(s)] ...

Create, extract, or list files from a tar file.

Options:

c create
x extract
t list

Archive format selection:

z Filter the archive through gzip
j Filter the archive through bzip2
Z Filter the archive through compress

File selection:

f name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin
O extract to stdout
exclude file to exclude
X file with names to exclude
C change to directory DIR before operation
v verbosely list files processed

Example:

$ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
$ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local

-------------------------------

tee
tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.

Options:

-a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
-i ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)

Example:

$ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
$ cat /tmp/foo
Hello

-------------------------------

telnet
telnet HOST [PORT]

Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another
computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.

-------------------------------

telnetd
telnetd [OPTION]

Telnetd listens for incoming TELNET connections on PORT. Options:

-p PORT listen for connections on PORT (default 23)
-l LOGIN exec LOGIN on connect (default /bin/sh)

-------------------------------

test
test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ]

Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code
determined by the value of EXPRESSION.

Example:

$ test 1 -eq 2
$ echo $?
1
$ test 1 -eq 1
$ echo $?
0
$ [ -d /etc ]
$ echo $?
0
$ [ -d /junk ]
$ echo $?
1

-------------------------------

tftp
tftp [OPTION]... HOST [PORT]

Transfers a file from/to a tftp server using "octet" mode.

Options:

-l FILE Local FILE.
-r FILE Remote FILE.
-g Get file.
-p Put file.
-b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets.

-------------------------------

time
time [OPTION]... COMMAND [ARGS...]

Runs the program COMMAND with arguments ARGS. When COMMAND finishes,
COMMAND's resource usage information is displayed

Options:

-v Displays verbose resource usage information.

-------------------------------

top
top [-d <seconds>]

top provides an view of processor activity in real time. This
utility reads the status for all processes in /proc each <seconds>
and shows the status for however many processes will fit on the
screen. This utility will not show processes that are started after
program startup, but it will show the EXIT status for and PIDs that
exit while it is running.

-------------------------------

touch
touch [-c] FILE [FILE ...]

Update the last-modified date on the given FILE.

Options:

-c Do not create any files

Example:

$ ls -l /tmp/foo
/bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
$ touch /tmp/foo
$ ls -l /tmp/foo
-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo

-------------------------------

 

[elroy]

tr
tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input,
writing to standard output.

Options:

-c take complement of STRING1
-d delete input characters coded STRING1
-s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

Example:

$ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
hello world

-------------------------------

traceroute
traceroute [-dnrv] [-m max_ttl] [-p port#] [-q nqueries] [-s
src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] host [data size]

trace the route ip packets follow going to "host" Options:

-d set SO_DEBUG options to socket
-n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically
-r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host
-v Verbose output
-m max_ttl Set the max time-to-live (max number of hops)
-p port# Set the base UDP port number used in probes
(default is 33434)
-q nqueries Set the number of probes per ``ttl'' to nqueries
(default is 3)
-s src_addr Use the following IP address as the source address
-t tos Set the type-of-service in probe packets to the following value
(default 0)
-w wait Set the time (in seconds) to wait for a response to a probe
(default 3 sec.).

-------------------------------

true
true

Return an exit code of TRUE (0).

Example:

$ true
$ echo $?
0

-------------------------------

tty
tty

Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.

Options:

-s print nothing, only return an exit status

Example:

$ tty
/dev/tty2

-------------------------------

udhcpc
udhcpc [-fbnqv] [-c CLIENTID] [-H HOSTNAME] [-i INTERFACE] [-p
pidfile] [-r IP] [-s script]

-c, --clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier
-H, --hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname
-h, Alias for -H
-f, --foreground Do not fork after getting lease
-b, --background Fork to background if lease cannot be immediately negotiated.
-i, --interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default: eth0)
-n, --now Exit with failure if lease cannot be immediately negotiated.
-p, --pidfile=file Store process ID of daemon in file
-q, --quit Quit after obtaining lease
-r, --request=IP IP address to request (default: none)
-s, --script=file Run file at dhcp events (default: /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
-v, --version Display version

-------------------------------

udhcpd
udhcpd [configfile]

-------------------------------

umount
umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY

Unmount file systems

Flags:

-a Unmount all file systems in /etc/mtab
-n Don't erase /etc/mtab entries
-r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
-l Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)

Example:

$ umount /dev/hdc1

-------------------------------

uname
uname [OPTION]...

Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.

Options:

-a print all information
-m the machine (hardware) type
-n print the machine's network node hostname
-r print the operating system release
-s print the operating system name
-p print the host processor type
-v print the operating system version

Example:

$ uname -a
Linux debian 2.4.23 #2 Tue Dec 23 17:09:10 MST 2003 i686 GNU/Linux

-------------------------------

uncompress
uncompress [-c] [-f] [ name ... ]

Uncompress .Z file Options:

-c extract to stdout
-f force overwrite an existing file

-------------------------------

uniq
uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or
standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).

Options:

-c prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d only print duplicate lines
-u only print unique lines
-f N skip the first N fields
-s N skip the first N chars (after any skipped fields)

Example:

$ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq
a
b
c

-------------------------------

unix2dos
unix2dos [option] [FILE]

Converts FILE from unix format to dos format. When no option is
given, the input is converted to the opposite output format. When no
file is given, uses stdin for input and stdout for output. Options:

-u output will be in UNIX format
-d output will be in DOS format

-------------------------------

unzip
unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip]

• [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
  
  Extracts files from ZIP archives.
  
  Options:
  
  -l list archive contents (short form)
  -n never overwrite existing files (default)
  -o overwrite files without prompting
  -p send output to stdout
  -q be quiet
  -x exclude these files
  -d extract files into this directory
  
  -------------------------------
  
  uptime
  uptime
  
  Display the time since the last boot.
  
  Example:
  
  $ uptime
  1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
  
  -------------------------------
  
  usleep
  usleep N
  
  Pause for N microseconds.
  
  Example:
  
  $ usleep 1000000
  [pauses for 1 second]
  
  -------------------------------
  
  uudecode
  uudecode [FILE]...
  
  Uudecode a file that is uuencoded.
  
  Options:
  
  -o FILE direct output to FILE
  
  Example:
  
  $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
  $ ls -l busybox
  -rwxr-xr-x 1 ams ams 245264 Jun 7 21:35 busybox
  
  -------------------------------
  
  uuencode
  uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE
  
  Uuencode a file.
  
  Options:
  
  -m use base64 encoding per RFC1521
  
  Example:
  
  $ uuencode busybox busybox
  begin 755 busybox
  <encoded file snipped>
  $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
  $
  
  -------------------------------
  
  vconfig
  vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS] ...
  
  Usage: add [interface-name] [vlan_id]
  
  rem [vlan-name]
  set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1]
  set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
  set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
  set_name_type [name-type]
  
  -------------------------------
  
  vi
  vi [OPTION] [FILE]...
  
  edit FILE.
  
  Options:
  
  -R Read-only- do not write to the file.
  
  -------------------------------
  
  vlock
  vlock [OPTIONS]
  
  Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock Options:
  
  -a Lock all VTs
  
  -------------------------------
  
  watch
  watch [-n <seconds>] COMMAND...
  
  Executes a program periodically. Options:
  
  -n Loop period in seconds - default is 2.
  
  Example:
  
  $ watch date
  Mon Dec 17 10:31:40 GMT 2000
  Mon Dec 17 10:31:42 GMT 2000
  Mon Dec 17 10:31:44 GMT 2000
  
  -------------------------------
  
  watchdog
  watchdog [-t <seconds>] DEV
  
  Periodically write to watchdog device DEV. Options:
  
  -t Timer period in seconds - default is 30.
  
  -------------------------------

 

[elroy]

wc
wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...

Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if
more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.

Options:

-c print the byte counts
-l print the newline counts
-L print the length of the longest line
-w print the word counts

Example:

$ wc /etc/passwd
31 46 1365 /etc/passwd

-------------------------------

wget
wget [-c|--continue] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document file]
[--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] url

wget retrieves files via HTTP or FTP

Options:

-c continue retrieval of aborted transfers
-q quiet mode - do not print
-P Set directory prefix to DIR
-O save to filename ('-' for stdout)
-Y use proxy ('on' or 'off')

-------------------------------

which
which [COMMAND ...]

Locates a COMMAND.

Example:

$ which login
/bin/login

-------------------------------

who
who

Prints the current user names and related information

-------------------------------

whoami
whoami

Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id.

-------------------------------

xargs
xargs [COMMAND] [OPTIONS] [ARGS...]

Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input.

Options:

-p Prompt the user about whether to run each command
-r Do not run command for empty readed lines
-x Exit if the size is exceeded
-0 Input filenames are terminated by a null character
-t Print the command line on stderr before executing it.

Example:

$ ls | xargs gzip
$ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm

-------------------------------

yes
yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...

Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'.

-------------------------------

zcat
zcat FILE

Uncompress to stdout.

-------------------------------

LIBC NSS[/color][/b][/u]
GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of
the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads
system data, such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made
it Policy that it will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls
that make use of NSS. This allows you to run an embedded system without
the need for installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and
/lib/libnss_* libraries installed.

If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for
authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you
will need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you
have enough space to install of that stuff on your system, then you
probably want the full GNU utilities.

SEE ALSO
textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc...

MAINTAINER
Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>

AUTHORS
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
it or not.

Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>

Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.

John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>

du, head, nslookup, sort, tee, uniq (so Kraai could rewrite them ;-),
documentation

Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>

expr, hostid, logname, tty, wc, whoami, yes

Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

tiny-ls(ls)

Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

fbset, ping, hostname, and mkfifo

Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance

Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>

various fixes, shell rewrite

Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.

Sterling Huxley <sterling@europa.com>

vi (!!!)

Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>

mktemp.c

Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu>

documentation, bugfixes

John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

dirname, tr

Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>

ar.c

Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>

cmdedit, xargs(current), httpd(current);
ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
locale, various fixes
and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.

Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>

Original author of BusyBox. His code is still in many apps.

Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>

wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications

Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

Lots of bugs fixes and patches.

Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>

Remote logging feature for syslogd

Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix

Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>

sed remix, bug fixes, style-guide, etc.

Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

gzip, mini-netcat(nc)

Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance

Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>

 

[elroy]

Bovenstaande commando's zijn opgenomen in onderstaand attachment.

Suk7-1

[attachment deleted]